Treatment options for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhea, one of the most frequently encountered gynecologic disorders, refers to painful menstruation. Antiinflammatory medications, like ibuprofen, are used to treat inflammation in the uterus and any associated pain. On the basis of pathophysiology, dysmenorrhea is classified as primary dysmenorrhea menstrual pain without organic disease or secondary. It is associated with a negative impact on social, academic, and sports activities of many female adolescents. Some physiotherapy treatments may relieve menstrual pain.
Secondary dysmenorrhea symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and. Dysmenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. In secondary dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis uterine tissue that grows outside of the uterus, there will be less of this each month, and thus less pain. Pain may occur with menses or precede menses by 1 to 3 days. Primary dysmenorrhea is common menstrual cramps that are recurrent come back and are not due to other diseases. In this article we focus on herbal medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal. Specific measures medical or surgical may be required to treat pelvic pathologic conditions eg, endometriosis and to ameliorate the associated dysmenorrhea. It is characterized by crampy pelvic pain begin ning shortly before or at the onset of menses and lasting one to three days. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for painful periods in which a woman has sharp or aching pains, lower abdominal cramps that come and go, and lower back pain. Primary dysmenorrhea means that your cramps are due to your cycle. Dysmenorrhoea can be either primary or secondary see.
The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual cramps, which are caused by uterine contractions. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to common menstrual cramps, while secondary dysmenorrhea results from a disorder in the reproductive organs. Characterized by recurrent, crampy, lower abdominal pain during menstruation, it is the most common reason for gynecologic visits, affecting 50% to 90% of women, half of whom describe their pain as moderate to severe. Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by a problem in your uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes. It is a common cause of absenteeism and reduced qual. In the present study, fennel extract and mefenamic acid mg, 4 times a day were equally effective in reducing pain intensity, limitations in activity and the need for rest among adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhoea. This type of menstrual pain is often more severe and longer lasting than the cramps caused by your period alone. What are the treatment options for secondary dysmenorrhea. Common causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea include endometriosis, fibroids myomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, pelvic inflammatory disease, and the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device. At what age is the presentation of dysmenorrhoea most prevalent. Treatment options for secondary dysmenorrhea include pain medication, hormone therapy, and surgery for underlying conditions. Primary dysmenorrhoea is a painful menstruation with no detectable organic disease and is more common in adolescent women. About 88% of adolescents with dysmenorrhea experience their first painful menstruation within the first 2 years after menarche.
Secondary dysmenorrhea is when you have menstrual cramps that are caused by an underlying condition, such as a reproductive disease, a structural abnormality, or an intrauterine birth control device. Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus the endometrium is found outside of the uterus. Secondary dysmenorrhea refers to menstrual pain associated with a specified organic etiology. Menstruallike cramping dysmenorrhea from an underlying condition. Women with endometriosis who present with secondary dysmenorrhea have physical findings about 40% of the time. Symptoms may include cramping or pain in the lower abdomen, low back pain, pain spreading down the legs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, fainting, or. Half of the workforce in society is women and the loss of wellbeing due to. Primary dysmenorrhoea is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen that occurs just before or during menstruation without identifiable pelvic pathology. Taking hormonal birth control pills can also help to reduce worsening of adenomyosis the condition where menstrual tissue grows into the muscle of the uterus. Dysmenorrhea is a medical term to describe period cramps and pain, and secondary means that this is pain caused by some other disorder and not just a normal period. Dysmenorrhea may be primary, existing from the beginning of periods, or secondary, due to an underlying condition. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of recurrent shortterm school absence in adolescent girls and a common problem in women of reproductive age. Primary dysmenorrhea is diagnosed when no obvious underlying cause is found. The most frequent causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea are.
Periodic use of analgesic agents as adjunctive therapy may be beneficial. Dysmenorrhea is characterized by abdominal pain occurring just before andor during menstruation. It typically affects patients in their thirties and forties and it may be associated with other symptoms such as dyspareunia painful sexual intercourse, dyschezia painful defaecation and. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of shortterm school absenteeism. Secondary dysmenorrhea, connected to endometriosis and fms. This discussion focuses on primary dysmenorrhea because treatment for secondary dysmenorrhea is determined by the underlying cause. Usually appearing within 612 months after the menarche, primary dysmenorrhea occurs almost invariably in ovulatory cycles. A longitudinal study of a representative cohort of swedish women found a prevalence of dysmenorrhea of 90 percent in women 19 years of age and 67 percent in women 24 years of age. Definition of secondary dysmenorrhea in the dictionary. It has a 91% sensitivity and 98% specificity, a positive likelihood ratio of 30, and a negative likelihood ratio. Primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without organic disease, and secondary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain associated with an identifiable disease. Secondary dysmenorrhea relates to pain during men strual periods with an underlying pathology see below.
With dysmenorrhea, you may have cramping with dull or sharp pain in your lower abdomen stomach. Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea american. Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by endometriosis, fibroid tumors, or an infection in the pelvis. Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea involves correction of the underlying organic cause.
Dysmenorrhea is uterine pain around the time of menses. Dysmenorrhea may develop as a result of psychological shock associated with the onset of the first menstruation in uninformed young girls, when there is a longunfulfilled desire to. Dysmenorrhea, also known as dysmenorrhoea, painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen occurring just before or during menstruation, in the absence of other diseases such as endometriosis.
More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of secondary dysmenorrhea is available below. How to treat secondary dysmenorrhea with pictures wikihow. Primary dysmenorrhea advances in pathogenesis and management m. Yusoff dawood, md primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual cramps without any evident pathology to account for them, and it occurs in up to 50% of menstruating females and causes significant disruption in quality of life and absenteeism. Secondary dysmenorrhea is the term your doctor may use if you have a problem in your reproductive organs that causes your cramps. Secondary dysmenorrhea appears as a result of inflammatory processes, the development of tumors in the womans sex organs, version of the uterus, and so on. An acupuncture prescription suggested for treating primary.
Dysmenorrhea is classified as primary if it occurs in the absence of underlying pathological findings or secondary if it is related to other conditions such as endometriosis. Symptoms of secondary dysmenorrhea include pulsating abdominal pain, cramps, lower back and leg pain, distended abdomen, and stool change. It is excessive pain that is not considered normal for menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain in the absence of pelvic pathology. Secondary dysmenorrhea is most often linked to gynecologic disorders such as endometriosis. Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. Its prevalence among women of reproductive age ranges from 16 to 91%. An acupuncture prescription suggested for treating primary dysmenorrhea.
The symptoms can be caused by excess hormone production. Secondary dysmenorrhea is associated with another diagnosis e. Endometriosis is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea. Pain usually begins 1 or 2 days before, or when menstrual bleeding starts, and is felt in the lower abdomen, back, or thighs. Edgar cayce health database overview of dysmenorrhea dysmenorrhea is painful or difficult menstruation. The pain is more severe than typical period pain and, although you can treat the symptoms, the best course of action is to treat the underlying cause. As a matter of fact, symptoms will only start after the. Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea or nausea. Dysmenorrhea gynecology and obstetrics merck manuals. Secondary dysmenorrhea is associated with an identified cause.
Managing the pain of primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Secondary dysmenorrhoea in contrast to primary dysmenorrhoea, secondary dysmenor rhoea is a consequence of the presence of pelvic pathology. Archived from the original on primary dysmenorrhea occurs without an associated underlying condition, while secondary dysmenorrhea has a specific underlying cause, typically a condition that affects dysmenorhea uterus or other reproductive organs. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstruation in the absence of pelvic pathology. Pain tends to peak 24 hours after onset of menses and subside after 2 to 3 days. Nathaelf hyppolite dysmenorrhea is thought to be caused by the release of prostaglandins in the menstrual fluid, which causes uterine contractions and pain. Initial presentation of primary dysmenorrhea typically occurs in adolescence. Proper usage and audio pronunciation of the word secondary dysmenorrhea. Dysmenor rhea also may be secondary to pelvic organ pathology. Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is a term describing painful menstruation that typically involves cramps caused by uterine contractions.